Thyroid nodules - be cautious of any changes

The thyroid is a two-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland found at the base of your neck. This gland is vital to your body because it produces hormones that regulate metabolism, or how your body consumes energy. Thyroid hormones govern various biological activities, including heart rate, respiration, body temperature, nervous system function, and much more.

Thyroid nodules are solid or fluid-filled lumps that occur within your thyroid and do not impede the gland's normal functions. Most thyroid nodules are not severe and do not produce symptoms. Only a tiny fraction of thyroid nodules are malignant. However, when they do create issues, there are effective treatments available.

You may not know that you have a thyroid nodule until your doctor notices it during a normal medical check. Alternatively, your doctor may discover it during a scan for another reason. On the other hand, some thyroid nodules might grow large enough to make swallowing or breathing difficulties.

The majority of thyroid nodules do not produce any symptoms. However, certain nodules can become so large that they can be felt and seen, most commonly as a bulge at the base of your neck. Press on your oesophagus, producing shortness of breath or swallowing trouble.

Under certain conditions, thyroid nodules can be visible such as:

Thyroid adenoma: It is the overgrowth of normal thyroid tissue. It is usually a non-cancerous condition unless it causes bothersome symptoms from its size. Some thyroid adenomas lead to hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid cyst: Cysts are usually non-cancerous, occasionally containing solid cancerous components.

Chronic inflammation of the thyroid: Hashimoto's disease, a thyroid disorder, can cause thyroid inflammation and enlarged nodules. This often is associated with hypothyroidism.

Multinodular goitre: The term goitre is used to describe any enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can be caused by iodine deficiency or a thyroid disorder.

Iodine deficiency: Lack of iodine in your diet can sometimes cause the thyroid gland to develop thyroid nodules.

Thyroid cancer: A nodule's chances of being malignant are slim. A nodule that is huge and hard, or causes pain or discomfort, is more concerning. You should probably have it examined by a doctor. Certain variables, such as a family history of thyroid or other endocrine malignancies and a history of radiation exposure from medical therapy or nuclear fallout, enhance your risk of thyroid cancer.

Consult your doctor if you notice any unusual swelling in your neck, especially if you have difficulty breathing or swallowing. It is critical to consider the risk of cancer.

Seek medical attention if you develop hyperthyroidism symptoms such as:

• Rapid weight reduction regardless of whether your hunger is regular or has grown

• A pounding heart

• Sleeping problems

• Muscle fatigue

• Irritability or nervousness

Consult your doctor if you experience any of the following signs and symptoms, which might indicate that your thyroid gland isn't producing enough thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism):

• Feeling chilled

• Feeling weary more frequently

• Dry skin

• Memory issues

• Depression

• Constipation

Treatment for a thyroid nodule will vary depending on whether the nodule includes malignant cells or is causing other issues, such as neck pain or excessive thyroid hormone production. In many circumstances, no formal therapy is required. However, be cautious of any changes you see and seek early medical attention.